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THE TREVITHICK SOCIETY

 

FOR THE PRESERVATION AND STUDY OF CORNWALL'S INDUSTRIAL HERITAGE

 

Established 1935

Levant Mine

The Levant mine is famous for its undersea rich deposits of copper and tin which were pursued for more than a mile out under the Atlantic ocean.   It is also well known for its long working life from the end of the eighteenth century to 1930.   At the heart of its remains, on the cliff top, still stands an engine house with its winding engine intact.  This beam winding engine (or whim to give it its Cornish term) is the sole surviving piece of machinery of the mine.

 

The Levant engine houseThe winding engine stands in the same house where it worked for 90 years, perched on the edge of the cliff, making it the most westerly steam engine in the country.  It is also Cornwall's oldest. Built in 1840 by the West Country's foremost engine builder, Harvey and Co. of Hayle, it is said to have been designed by Francis Michell, a member of a distinguished Cornish engineering family.

 

The engine also has a national claim to fame.  It was Britain's first beam engine preserved on its working site by private individuals.   That was in 1935, five years after the mine closed, and led to the formation of the Cornish Engine Preservation Society, now the Trevithick Society.   Today the engine is owned by the National Trust having been handed over by the Society in 1967 along with other engines:  Taylor's 90-inch and Robinson's 80-inch pumps and Mitchell's 30-inch whim.  Taylor's and Mitchell's are both on display at Pool.

 

Levant beam engine, flywheel on leftThe engine house was restored by the National Trust, whilst the engine itself was put back into running order by a group of Trevithick Society members (known as the Greasy Gang) over the years 1984 to 1992.   In 1990 the National Trust and the Trevithick Society jointly launched the Levant Beam Engine Appeal to raise a sum of £128,000 required to complete the restoration and to provide a means of steaming.  Using the funds obtained the National Trust rebuilt the ruined boiler house and installed a generator of electricity and an oil-fired boiler.  An old Cornish boiler was obtained and installed in a non-working manner to show how steam was raised before.  The engine first ran again in steam in 1992, and since then it has been steamed for several months each year for visitors to see how the engine once looked and operated.

 

Top of engine cylinderThe engine’s duty was to raise ore from the deep levels via Skip Shaft, just north of the engine house. This shaft is now marked by a small recent headgear aligned to an electric winder used when the shaft was incorporated into Geevor mine.  Skip Shaft was Levant's main hauling shaft and was situated close to the cliff edge to minimise the underground hauling distance.  Even so this was considerable and ponies were used, even an underground steam locomotive was tried.

Like many old Cornish shafts, Skip Shaft is crooked and of restricted size. It is 278 fathoms (508 m) deep below adit level, the adit being just above high water mark.

An electric light has now been installed in the shaft so that the changes made in recent years by Geevor to make it into an access shaft may be seen.